The 14th amendment is split into five sections. In the post-Civil War United States, the Waite Court emphasized protections for corporations with the Fourteenth Amendment. 0000002326 00000 n They make sure everybody plays by the rules. List and comment on the three eras of varying Supreme Court influences on national policy, from the days of slavery to the present. [4] However, only three justices were present, so a quorum was not met.

Soon after the proposal of the court-packing plan, however, the Supreme Court ended the trend that had prevailed since Lochner. Warren's term, which lasted until 1969, was arguably one of the most significant in the history of the Court. The first such decision was Gitlow, in which the Supreme Court incorporated the protection of freedom of speech afforded by the First Amendment. Though Article III provided for the creation of "one Supreme Court" and "inferior Courts," the Judiciary Act of 1789 actually created the structure of the court system.

Clifford • 0000001800 00000 n Nathan Clifford (1858-1881); Samuel Freeman Miller (1862-1890); David Davis (1862-1877); Noah Haynes Swayne (1862-1881); Stephen Johnson Field (1863-1897); William Strong (1870-1880); Joseph Bradley (1870-1892); Ward Hunt (1872-1882); John Harlan I (1877-1889); William Burnham Woods (1880-1887); Stanley Matthews (1881-1889); Samuel Blatchford (1882-1893); Horace Gray (1881-1902); Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar (1888-1893). Rehnquist led a remarkably stable Court - for the eleven years from when Stephen Breyer took the oath in 1994, to Rehnquist's death in 2005, the composition of the Court remained unchanged - the longest such stretch in over 180 years. For more on this era, see The Chase Court. President Johnson's impeachment trial began on March 13, 1867, in the Senate with the direction of Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase.

In response, they passed the Tenure of Office Act in March of 1867. In the midst of the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln appointed Salmon P. Chase to be Chief Justice. L. Lamar •

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Chase had strong anti-slavery credentials and had previously served Lincoln as Secretary of the Treasury. The earliest Courts within the Supreme Court were run under Chief Justices, Rutledge, Jay and Ellsworth during 1789-1801. B. Nowadays, one can see a woman entering different fields of occupation like in law, carpentry, medicine and sports. In Adair v. United States (1908), the Court overruled a federal law which forbade "yellow dog contracts" (contracts that prohibited workers from joining unions). Peckham • After President Adams lost his bid for re-election in 1800, the Federalist-controlled Congress passed this Act, which reduced the number of Supreme Court justices by one with the next vacancy. Taney • [15], John Rutledge (1789-1791); James Wilson (1789-1798); John Blair (1790-1796); James Iredell (1790-1799); William Cushing (1790-1810); Thomas Johnson (1792-1793); William Paterson (1793-1806).