At the start of weightlessness, her pulse rate decreased. The story of Laika lives on today in websites, YouTube videos, poems and children’s books, at least one of which provides a happy ending for the doomed dog. The Russian space program continues to use animals in space tests, but in every case except Laika’s, there has been some hope that the animal would survive. Laika was not the first space dog: Some had soared in the Soviet military’s sub-orbital rocket tests of updated German V-2 rockets after World War II, and they had returned to Earth via parachuted craft—alive or dead. Telemetry from the Sputnik 2 capsule showed that the temperature and humidity increased after the start of the mission.

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Training a “leave it” well takes time, but it is well worth your effort. The reason for the Soviet choice of dogs over apes is unclear except perhaps that Ivan Pavlov’s pioneering work on dog physiology in the late 19th and early 20th century may have provided a strong background for the use of canines, Lewis says. “There’s really no expectation that she made it beyond an orbit or two after that.” Without its passenger, Sputnik 2 continued to orbit for five months. Eventually, canine finalists lived in tiny pressurized capsules for days and then weeks at a time.

Unfortunately, loss of the heat shield made the temperature in the capsule rise unexpectedly, taking its toll on Laika. This story also now includes updated information about the Portland Oregon Museum's exhibition "Animating Life.". During the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity mission in March 2005, NASA unofficially named a spot within a Martian crater “Laika.”, Space dog biographer Amy Nelson compares Laika to other animal celebrities like the Barnum and Bailey Circus’s late 19th-century elephant Jumbo and champion thoroughbred racehorse Seabiscuit, who lifted American spirits during the Great Depression. She died “soon after launch,” Russian medical doctor and space dog trainer Oleg Gazenko revealed in 1993. Links to more Science/Nature stories are at the foot of the page. Get the best of Smithsonian magazine by email.

They expected Laika to die from oxygen deprivation—a painless death within 15 seconds—after seven days in space. Sputnik 1 had made history, becoming the first man-made object in Earth orbit October 4, 1957. The humane use of animal testing spaceflight was essential to preparation for manned spaceflight, Lewis believes.