/Contents 805 0 R The microcontroller is the important part in the processing circuit which controls and makes the decision for the component. << Fig. Fig.

/P 65524 The user interface can be generated by PC serial interface and Proteus software comport interface. These signals bounce off the target into the sky, where they are detected by the seeker on the laser-guided munition, which steers itself towards the centre of the reflected signal. << The helicopter is capable of supporting the Tri -Service pulse repetition frequency (PRF) laser codes and USAF, Hellfire and Copperhead pulse interval modulation (PIM) laser codes.

/BaseFont /Courier W. L. Wolfe and G. J. Zissis, The infrared handbook, Arlington: Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, 1978, edited by Wolfe, William L.; Zissis, George J., vol.

Based on the gate signal pulse width, the system rejects jamming signal and locks real signal. Also, we get real-time output and input data for the yaw/pitch angle of the servo motor.

9, we can see the pulsed laser model with the optical receiver laser model including indicator LED for the system which did not lock the target, and the RED LED is on when the system forgets the target and starts the search again. << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /LZWDecode ] /Width 76 /Height 99 /ColorSpace 802 0 R Cloud cover, rain or smoke can make reliable designation of targets difficult or impossible unless a simulation is accessible through available ground data. The test was performed by programming the same PRF code in the laser designator and seeker unit and reaction of seeker checked. 7160, pp. We have status green LED ON to distinguish true pulse and red LED ON in the false pulse. Using Proteus Transient analysis tool, frequency, and width of different waveforms and signals can be analyzed with very high precision and accuracy.

This paper can be organized as follows: in Section II, the proposed technique is discussed which includes code algorithms and important. M. A. Mazidi, R. McKinlay, and D. Causey, PIC microcontroller and embedded systems, Pearson Education, New Jersey, 2008. Laser guided weapons (LGWs) are playing an important role with the growing demand for precision attack. VIPER can operate at all Band I and Band II PRF codes of NATO STANAG 3733, hence is compatible with all NATO laser guided munitions with semi-active laser seekers, such as Paveway, Hellfire and Copperhead. English and W.C. Pittman, Polarized semi-active laser last pulse logic seeker using a staring focal plane array, Jan. 17 2006, US Patent 6,987,256. ] In order for

QUADRANT detector is an optical sensor which is commonly used in alignment, free space optical communication, fiber optics measurements, and laser receiver decoder. 1 shows the proposed PCD system block diagram. /Count 6 R. S. Hughes, Pulse repetition frequency detection, Dec. 19 1972, US Patent 3,706,935. From Fig. 6. /Type /Page Similarly, in the second case, if we select switches to code 2 on the receiver, the system becomes locked on 10.8 Hz, and status green LED switches OFF and red LED switched ON. Fig.

PRF code setting on PRF code setting System locked. The hardware prototype was done and assembled to test laser PCD and recognize between different laser pulses. When the system locked the target, the GREEN LED is ON. As shown in Fig.

Two Crystals with 16 MHz are used to generate TIMER1, which is used to generate laser pulse for the MCU1. endobj /Parent 6 0 R

Timer1 is used to measure time period. ]

From Fig.

material used; in Section III, there are Proteus application and hardware implementation; in Section IV, there are simulations and results; and finally, conclusion is given in Section VI.

The operation of LIDAR is functionally identical to conventional radar [4], [15]. ^��Ā��9�JSYn���-U��|B��P��s���k�\Z����P�J�[|]J�).

So, to minimize the laser pulse gate, reduce the jamming effect and increase the system sensitivity, only three input pulses are used to identify the laser code, and this is done based on the seeker module software code. [2] Northrop Grumman's LLDR, using an eye-safe laser wavelength, recognizes targets, finds the range to a target, and fixes target locations for laser-guided, GPS-guided, and conventional munitions. /Resources 806 0 R

Pakistan Army uses home made laser designator LDR-4. The false pulse code may come from jammer, buildings, the reflections of trees, etc. /Kids [ 2 0 R 7 0 R 10 0 R 13 0 R 16 0 R 19 0 R ]

The outcomes are abridged in Table IV. Table IV shows the PRF rejection test for the system including laser designator model with laser seeker model. Many patents are available in Pulse Code Detection (PCD) that describes the development of Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) detection and lock systems [5], [6], [16]. As one of the guided munitions, semi-active laser (SAL) guided weapons are commonly used in the battlefield, and the development of the optoelectronic countermeasure was greatly strengthened in last two decades. Fig.

We can show that there is no compatibility between two models with different values.

>>

Norman Friedman, The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapon systems, Naval Inst Press, 2006. endobj

[1] The Litening II is widely used by many other of the world's air forces. 6 shows the block diagram of the proposed design concept of the laser PCD and recognition device. The guided weapon has the capability to secure the target even if it is moving.

The system is tested and simulated for the system PRF code compatibility, rejection, and resolution. When select switch is 1 at. We implement a model of the laser pulse code detection (PCD) system based on Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) technique with two microcontroller units (MCU).

4 shows algorithm code for PRF generation. If PRF detected is equal to PRF locked, it turns LED status ON; Otherwise, it turns LED OFF. An. Mohamed Fathy Heweage , Xiao Wen , Ahmed Eldamarawy , Ayman Mokhtar, 2017, Laser Pulse Code Detection System with Microcontroller using Pulse Repetition Frequency, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY (IJERT) Volume 06, Issue 11 (November 2017).

Laser pulse code is an anti- jamming measure used in SAL guidance systems technology. So, four different cases are studied. oscilloscope is used to measure the pulse width and frequency of the specific PRF from microcontroller one and also to measure the gate produced by the second microcontroller. There are two cases; the first case: when the code is the same with the locked code at the second one, the LED will be illuminated, and the other case: when the code is different from the locked code in the second one, the LED is OFF. Fig. MCU1 is used to generate laser pulse with different code which adjusted by the octal switch to model the laser pulse generated in the environment. >>

(2) A direction of attack must be determined because the LST or LGW must be able to sense sufficient laser energy reflecting from the target being designated. /Type /Pages 1, 1978. 3 1 obj

This lightweight, interoperable system uniquely provides range finding and targeting information to other digital battlefield systems[3] allowing the system to provide targeting information for non-guided munitions, or when laser designation is unreliable due to battlefield conditions.

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As both are different, the status green LED turns OFF and red LED is turns ON. The decoding seeker received the reflected laser radiation from the target and any other laser radiation.

Fig. /Subtype /Type1 The concept is hardware implemented and used to evaluate the performance of 4-quadrant detector with laser PCD. For this purpose, ATmega32 microcontroller generates pulses with 30-s pulse width and PRF of different wavelengths according to code select switches. The pitch angle is the angle between the horizontal plane and weapons longitudinal axis [10], [11].

When a target is marked by a designator, the beam is invisible and does not shine continuously. The weapons line of travel and its longitudinal axis are defined as Yaw angle. Mainly test the PRF code compatibility of the seekers.

The proposed laser PCD system is discussed in two parts. 6 0 obj Based on the detection of a true code, the tracking electronics are commanded to track the object reflecting the laser energy with the true pulse code. 5 The schematic diagram of the modulation waveform.