[172], During the caliphate of Abu Bakr, which lasted two years, despite all the problems, Imam Ali (a) tried to guide the caliph to what was right and good for the Muslim ummah as much as his words were accepted. After he got bullied and his bike got stolen by the neighborhood bullies, he decided to take boxing lessons in order to get back at the bullies. Shias regard Ali as the first Imam and consider him, along with his descendants, to be one of the divinely appointed successors of Muhammad who are claimed by the Shia of the Muslim community. [206], After several hours of fighting and suffering many losses, the camp of Jamal was defeated. Allah revealed this verse and Prophet said this verse is about Ali, Hasan, Husayn and the other twelve Imams. [234], Exegetes of the Qur'an regard the following verse to have been revealed about this event and about the virtues of 'Ali (a):[235], After his emigration to Medina, the Prophet (s) created bonds of brotherhood between the Muhajirin and the Ansar. 'Ali's army fought and managed to get control of the water from the enemy. [139], 'Ali recovered the land granted by 'Uthman and swore to recover anything that elites had acquired before his election. He wanted to play the role of Bilal in French adventure drama film. Kumayl b. Ziyad al-Nakha'i was one of Tabi'un of the companions of the Prophet (s) and of the special companions of Imam 'Ali (a) and Imam al-Hasan (a). 'A'isha swore at 'Ali (a) throughout the journey, claiming that he had dishonored her by making a number of men accompany her. "[265], Abu Dhar al-Ghifari (Jundab b. Junada) was the fourth person who converted to Islam. Hence the Shia say of Ali that his face is honoured, as it was never sullied by prostrations before idols. The former includes the Wilaya Verse (Qur'an 5:55), which was revealed when Ali (a) gave his ring, while bowing down in his prayer, to a poor man;[252] Qur'an 5:3 "Today the faithless have despaired of your religion. The Sariyya of Ali (a) to destroy an idol's temple called Fals belonging to the tribe of Banu Tayy in Rabi' II, Sermons: 239 sermons which are divided into three parts based on their time in history, Letters: 79 letters of which almost all of them were written during his caliphate, Qisar or qisar al-hikam (maxims): 480 sayings. [74], Abu Bakr passed away in 13/634.

Fatimah became angry and stopped speaking to Abu Bakr, and continued assuming that attitude until she died. But shortly after that, he announced his comeback to fight Larry Holmes for the WBC belt. Eventually, the battle began and none of them survived except nine, whilst only seven or nine companions of 'Ali (a) were killed. [2][141] This diverse coalition became known as Shia Ali, "adherents of Ali" or "followers of Ali". He went to the Christians and said "this is my family" and covered himself and his family with a cloak.

So, the Prophet (s) took 'Ali (a), Fatima (a), al-Hasan (a), and al-Husayn (a) with him. This is what the audience understood at the time and thus congratulated Ali (a) for this appointment, calling him Amir al-Mu'minin (the Commander of the Faithful). [1] Even staffs in the Divan of Umayyad recited Ali's sermons to improve their eloquence. He was the most pious and the most knowledgeable companion of the Prophet (s) and his rightful successor.

However, Ali (a) did not deem them worthy of it. Ṭabarī, ‘’Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk’’, vol. Say, 'Come! [64] This event is known as the Event of Ghadir Khumm. Battle of Hunayn 'Abd Allah b. Abi Rafi' says, "Once I went to 'Ali (a) on a day of eid. Imam Ali (a) sent 'Abd Allah b. al-'Abbas and Sa'sa'a b. Sawhan to talk to them and convince them to end their protest—a request which the Kharijites refused. [192][193] His daughter Zaynab—who was in Karbala—was captured by Yazid's army and later played a great role in revealing what happened to Husayn and his followers. After the Prophet (s) passed away, Ammar stood in defense of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and 'Ali (a). [151], Umayyads placed extreme pressure upon Ali's family and his Shia. It wasn't until the era of al-Mansur al-'Abbasi in 135/753, when Imam al-Sadiq (a) revealed that the location of his grave was in Najaf. In addition, Umar gave the deciding vote to Abdur Rahman, who offered the caliphate to Ali on the condition that he should rule in accordance with the Quran, the example set by Muhammad, and the precedents established by the first two caliphs.

The Shia believe that this copy of the Qur'an has been with the Infallible Imams (a), and today it is with the Twelfth Imam (a). [127][127][132][133] The Qurra then became known as the Kharijites. Ali's (a) mother was Fatima bt. Thus, he adds, assuming that the Imam (a) did task al-Hasan (a) and al-Husayn (a) with guarding the house of Uthman, it was meant to prevent accusations of participating in the assassination of Uthman against himself. Although Imam 'Ali (a) had told them that it was a trick that they were using to escape fighting, they did not accept it.

Ali died at the age of 74 on June 3, 2016, in Scottsdale, Arizona, U.S. due to a septic shock. [195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203], Except for Muhammad, there is no one in Islamic history about whom as much has been written in Islamic languages as Ali.

Mu'awiya also set out with his army, and the two armies encamped in Syria near the Euphrates in a place called Siffin. The Prophet (s) informed 'Ali (a) of the enemy's plot and asked him to sleep in his bed to fool the enemy. [97] The dissatisfaction with his rule and the governments appointed by him was not restricted to the provinces outside Arabia. According to Abd al-Rahim Qanawat, the origin of many conflicts in the time of the Prophet (s) and Imam Ali (a) was tribal rivalries among the members of the Quraysh and the descendants of Abd Manaf. The decoy worked and some of Imam 'Ali's (a) army, especially those amongst the reciters of the Qur'an, came to Imam 'Ali (a) and said, "We shall not fight these people and we need to accept whatever they say". [128][129][130] 'Ali protested that it was contrary to the Qur'an and the Sunnah and hence not binding.

[211], It was agreed that one arbitrator from each of the armies of Syria and Iraq would meet and judge the situation by referring to the Qur'an's edict. [71] Abu Bakr also confiscated Fadak,[72] to which Ali (a) objected in defense of Fatima (a).

[71][72][73] However, there have been doubts regarding the veracity of the tradition due to evidence that Ali may not have been present during the sermon, instead being in Yemen at the time—a view held by the historian Ibn Kathir.

[229] Despite this difference, all agree that it was Imam al-Sadiq (a) who made known the burial place of Imam Ali (a).[230]. Many Shia Muslims also celebrate Imam Ali's birth anniversary (13th day of Rajab) as Father's Day in Iran. Commentary of Muhammad Baqir Nawwab Lahijani. Maytham al-Tammar al-Asadi al-Kufi was one of the special companions of Imam 'Ali (a), Imam al-Hasan (a) and Imam al-Husayn (a). Mu'awiya said "That is not true at all. Ali opened negotiations, but Muawiyah insisted on Levantine autonomy under his rule. The disease was identified in 1984. Bianquis, C.E. "[253], Ibn Abi l-Hadid says, "'Ali (a) was greater than all with regards to forbearance, magnanimity, and in forgiving a wrongdoer. Only then would he pledge allegiance. Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas and Abdur Rahman bin Awf, who were cousins, were naturally inclined to support Uthman, who was Abdur Rahman's brother-in-law. He also spent a lot of time fighting the Kharijites. However, 'Ali (a) recommended Ibn 'Abbas and/or Malik al-Ashtar, who were rejected by al-Ash'ath and his friends. Shahīdī, ‘’Dānishnāma-yi Imām ʿAlī’’, p. 25. "Shadow of the Sun" published on first Shia Imam, a collection of 110 hadiths from Prophet (s) concerning the character of Ali. They concluded that Aleph had the greatest contribution in speaking and that dotted letters were also important. Initially, 'Ali refused to accept the office, simply because his most vigorous supporters were rebels. The earliest surviving work and one of the most important works in this field is Kitab al-Irshad by Shaykh Mufid (d. 1022). [53], In 9/630, the Battle of Tabuk took place, and the Prophet (s) left Ali (a) as his successor in Medina. In Shiite and some Sunni sources the following written sources are attributed to Imam Ali (a): Jafr and Jami'a