At a rudimentary level, off-road traction varies from typical operational characteristics of on-road traction, depending on the terrain encountered. In 1990, Mitsubishi released the Diamante in Japan. General Motors worked with Delphi Automotive and introduced its version of ESC, called "StabiliTrak", in 1996 for the 1997 model year on select Cadillac models. [68], The United States followed, requiring ESC for all passenger vehicles under 10,000 pounds (4536 kg), phasing in the regulation starting with 55% of 2009 models (effective 1 September 2008), 75% of 2010 models, 95% of 2011 models, and all 2012 models. [45] Furthermore, unplugging a wheel speed sensor is another method of disabling most ESC systems. Whereas ABS reduces pressure during braking, ESC may increase pressure in certain situations, and an active vacuum brake booster unit may be utilised in addition to the hydraulic pump to meet these demanding pressure gradients. StabiliTrak is considered a standard safety feature on all cars sold under the GM family. Electronic stability control systems can actually influence vehicle steering. ESC does not increase traction, so it does not enable faster cornering (although it can facilitate better-controlled cornering). A wheel speed sensor that measures the wheel speed. In intermediate level ESC systems, ABS will be disabled, or the computer will actively lock the wheels when brakes are applied. Electronic stability control (ESC) is the generic term recognised by the European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA), the North American Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, and other worldwide authorities. They have to be resistant to possible forms of interference, such as precipitation or potholes. Many ESC systems also incorporate a traction control system (TCS or ASR), which senses drive-wheel slip under acceleration and individually brakes the slipping wheel or wheels and/or reduces excess engine power until control is regained. Posted by Auto.com Staff | January 3, 2019. ESCs focus on braking wheels that are spinning at a rate drastically different to the opposing axle. [18] Because Mercedes-Benz promoted a reputation for safety, they recalled and retrofitted 130,000 A-Class cars with ESC. Simultaneously, the yaw sensor measures the vehicle's actual yaw rate. ESC can function on any surface, from dry pavement to frozen lakes. Availability of ESC in passenger vehicles has varied between manufacturers and countries. SAE 2004-21-0060. The NHTSA concluded that ESC reduces crashes by 35%. While traction control is usually included with ESC, there were vehicles such as the 2008 Chevrolet Malibu LS, 2008 Mazda6, and 2007 Lincoln MKZ that had traction control but not ESC. [44] The ESC controller can also receive data from and issue commands to other controllers on the vehicle such as an all-wheel drive system or an active suspension system to improve vehicle stability and controllability. All ESC manufacturers emphasize that the system is not a performance enhancement nor a replacement for safe driving practices, but rather a safety technology to assist the driver in recovering from dangerous situations. It is a complex system. Midsize cars have also been gradually catching on, though the 2008 model years of the Nissan Altima and Ford Fusion only offered ESC on their V6 engine-equipped cars; however, some midsize cars, such as the Honda Accord, had it as standard by then. For example, during hydroplaning, the wheels that ESC would use to correct a skid may lose contact with the road surface, reducing its effectiveness. It featured a new electronically controlled active trace & traction control system. There are many things that can cause the StabiliTrak system to lose its ability to function. Since November 1, 2011, EU type approval is only granted to models equipped with ESC.

Some systems also offer an additional mode with raised thresholds, so that a driver can utilize the limits of their vehicle's grip with less electronic intervention. ESC is described as the most important advance in auto safety by many experts,[35] including Nicole Nason, administrator of the NHTSA,[36][37] Jim Guest and David Champion of Consumers Union of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA),[38][39] E-Safety Aware,[40] Csaba Csere, former editor of Car and Driver,[41] and Jim Gill, long time ESC proponent of Continental Automotive Systems. The computing power of ESC facilitates the networking of active and passive safety systems, addressing other causes of crashes. For this reason, ESC systems typically alert the driver when they intervene, so that the driver is aware that the vehicle's handling limits have been reached. First, let’s talk about what ESC is and how it works.

303–313, 2007, "Electronic Stability Control (ESC) | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA) | U.S. Department of Transportation", "Auto Tech – Volvo's Roll Stability Control", "The Effectiveness of ESC (Electronic Stability Control) in Reducing Real Life Crashes and Injuries", Prince George Citizen – MP’s car safety bill reaches Parliament, Transport Canada to require lifesaving vehicle stability control system, "Australian Government mandates ESC 2011", New Zealand forces cars to have ESC, Follows Australia, eSafetySupport.org European Parliament adopts Intelligent Car Report, "EU: Electronic Stability Control to be Standard on all Vehicles from 2014 – Carscoop", Press Release: Continental: United Nations Group Action on Electronic Stability Control Helps Advance Auto Safety Worldwide, "World Car Fans: Opel Introduces Trailer Stability Program", "SCANIA – Electronic Stability Program (ESP)", "Knorr-Bremse Group - Electronic Systems", Learn how and when to remove this template message, E-Safety list of ESC Media Articles from eSafety Support, NHTSA on ESC including US Regulation and list of US vehicles with ESC, Canadian Association of Road Safety Professionals on ESC, European ESC Mandate for Trucks and Coaches, Glen Nicholson, "ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL (ESC),"ISSUE 2007, Number 3, The Official Newsletter of the Canadian Association of Road Safety Professionals, Anders Lie, Claes Tingvall, Maria Krafft, and Anders Kullgren, "The Effectiveness of ESC (Electronic Stability Control) in Reducing Real Life Crashes and Injuries," of the 19th Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference, 2005, Australian Monash University Accident Research Centre ESC Study, Australian Monash University Accident Research Centre ESC Follow Up Study, G. Bahouth, "REAL WORLD CRASH EVALUATION OF VEHICLE STABILITY CONTROL (VSC) TECHNOLOGY,", Michael Paine,"ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL: REVIEW OF RESEARCH AND REGULATIONS," Prepared for ROADS AND TRAFFIC AUTHORITY OF NSW, 2005, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electronic_stability_control&oldid=984340481, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Articles with dead external links from September 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from April 2019, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015, Wikipedia external links cleanup from August 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, A steering wheel angle sensor that determines where the driver wants to steer.